Vroom’s Expectancy Theory


Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

Vroom’s Expectancy Theory discusses about three factors, expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Vroom believes that motivation and performance are inter connected and uses the three variables to further elaborate on it (Parijat & Bagga, 2014).

Figure 6 - Vroom's Expectancy Theory


(Expert Program Management, 2019)

The first phase is the expectancy where the employees believe that if they make an effort it will bring about the expected performance level. The next is the instrumentality where the employees believe that great performance will always bring about valued outcomes. The final phase is the valence where employees shows the importance of the rewards for them. This may differ from person to person based on their preference (Arslan & Staub, 2012).

Video 6 - What is Vroom's Expectancy Theory


                                         
                                                                                
                                                                                              (bing.com, 2019)

McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

This theory discuses about two opposing views of human beings namely, positive and negative. (Mohamed & Nor, 2013)


Figure 7 - McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y


(Dawn Parra, 2013)

Theory X managers believe that people should be monitored closely while theory Y managers give enough freedom to perform the duties (Lawter, Kopelman, & Prottas, 2015).

Video 7 - MBA 101 Leadership, Motivation McGregor Theory X & Theory Y

                                                                             
                                                                                              (bing.com, 2019)

References

Arslan, A. & Staub, S., 2012. Theory X and Theory Y Type Leadership Behavior and its Impact on Organizational Performance: Small Business Owners in the Şishane Lighting and Chandelier District, s.l.: s.n.

 Bing.com. (2019). mcgregor theory x and y - Bing video. [online] Available at: https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=mcgregor+theory+x+and+y&&view=detail&mid=F7F1F83F44BDC2F61401F7F1F83F44BDC2F61401&&FORM=VRDGAR [Accessed 19 Oct. 2019].

 Bing.com. (2019). vroom's expectancy theory - Bing video. [online] Available at: https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=vroom%27s+expectancy+theory&&view=detail&mid=33155F0D8F30E5CB813B33155F0D8F30E5CB813B&&FORM=VRDGAR [Accessed 19 Oct. 2019].

 Dawn Parra, 2013. Dawn Parra. [Online]
Available at: https://dawnparra6.wordpress.com/tag/eisenberg/

 Expert Program Management, 2019. Expert Program Management. [Online]
Available at: https://expertprogrammanagement.com/2018/10/expectancy-theory/

 Lawter, L., Kopelman , R. J. & Prottas , D. J., 2015. McGregor's Theory X/Y and Job Performance: 

A Multilevel, Multi-source Analysis , s.l.: s.n.

 Mohamed, R. K. M. H. & Nor, C. S. M., 2013. The Relationship between McGregor's X-Y Theory 

Management Style and Fulfillment of Psychological Contract: A Literature Review. , s.l.: s.n.

 Parijat, P. & Bagga, S., 2014. Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation – An Evaluation , s.l.: s.n.


Comments

  1. Anjula Pathirana1 December 2019 at 03:10

    Hi Chathura, interesting area to further examine. I would like to add more to Vroom’s Expectancy Theory. Valence will measure the value of a given reward that an individual attach to. These may be extrinsic (e.g. money promotion or time-off) or intrinsic (e.g. sense of achievement). The model assumes that when in reality they are subjective and incredibly difficult to assess in ourselves let alone in another person, the manager can score these three factors (McGrath and Bates, 2017).

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    Replies
    1. Chathura Kularathna5 December 2019 at 04:41

      Thank You, Vroom’s Expectancy Theory is based on the assumption that an individual’s behavior results from the choices made by him with respect to the alternative course of action, which is related to the psychological events occurring simultaneously with the behavior. This means an individual selects a certain behavior over the other behaviors with an expectation of getting results, the one desired for (Allison, 2012)

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